He believed Americans must face the chances of war in order to keep the remaining peace between the United States and the Soviet Union . 2. Flexible response represented a capability to fight across all spectrums of warfare, not just with nuclear arms such as this Titan II missile. Instead, he believed that a better strategy was to conquer the spread of Communism by fighting "small wars . He was very much focused on foreign and military policy. He used his foreign policy, Flexible response to help to beat and succeed the events that took place in the cold war President John F. Kennedy's foreign policy was Flexible Response, the Flexible response was different from most of the other president's foreign policy. It created the Green Berets, a new special forces units trained in counterinsurgency. Like Truman and Eisenhower, Kennedy supported containment to stop the spread of Communism. In the White House, a frustrated John F. Kennedy struggled to get Diem -- and the Communist insurgency -- under control. President Eisenhower was the president of the U.S from 1953-1961. We then look at two crises in the late 1960s: the Six Days War of 1967 and the Prague Spring of 1968. Although the possibility of a general nuclear . Edition 3rd Edition. First Published 2008. ∙ 2012-03-02 14:27:41. He referred back to the pioneers of the west who lived on the frontier of an ever-expanding America . Kennedy's Flexible Response What was its significance? During John F. Kennedy's presidency, he used the "flexible response" method in order to avoid conflict. Kennedy believed strongly in the American people and made strong connections with them. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization adopted the strategy in 1967. b. identified a handful of critical areas that the United States would defend against Communist takeover. 556 Words3 Pages. a.) The Kennedy administration's agenda included inter alia: the revision of NATO strategy to accommodate the new doctrine of flexible response; the pursuit of 'double containment' of Soviet and German power; the elimination of independent nuclear deterrents, both existing (Britain) and nascent (France), or failing this their re-housing . President Kennedy met with his advisors in secret for several days to discuss the issue at hand. | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples Flexible response. Kennedy's response was to send more military advisors to Vietnam so that by the end of 1962 there were 12,000 of these advisors in South Vietnam. John F Kennedy Flexible Response Analysis. Wiki User. Kennedy had different beliefs than Truman and Eisenhower because he dealt with other countries differently, even though they had the same goal which was to stop communism from spreading. Kennedy was young, vigorous, and glamorous. Allowed foreign policy officials to use a range of strategies to fight Communists abroad, depending on the crisis, 3.Justified the recognition of Israel as an . Forbade the use of nuclear weapons during the Cold War, 2. d) flexible response "Detente" was really not used in foreign policy until the Nixon administration. For example, the Special Forces (Green . Kennedy delivered his Flexible Response prior to the Cuban Missile Crisis, which was perhaps one of the closest introductions to war in all the Cold War era. US History II UNIT 3 CHALLENGE 4 HIST 105 US History II UNIT 3 CHALLENGE 4: Peace, Love, and the Reality of the 1960s Determine which action was supported by both Eisenhower's New Look foreign policy and Kennedy's Flexible Response foreign policy. Define flexible response. This policy is meant to give the president more flexible options of dealing with the opposition. Kennedy's goal of his presidency was to make all Americans active citizens. a. called for the elimination of nuclear weapons. As a result, his response to Vietnam . ; Bendix believed that this structure would allow for a more flexible response to post-human threats. Although he believed that it was a menace, he did not want to engage the Soviet Union in an all-out confrontation, thus, triggering a "hot war" with nuclear weapons. How did John F. Kennedy work to fight communism during his brief presidency? . Kennedy advocated flexible response because most foreign crises fed by American tax money did not require a "massive nuclear retaliation" and could be addressed with smaller military options. While Eisenhower golfed, Kennedy and his people played touch football. Also called Flexible Deterrent Options (FDO) A military strategy that had a goal to decrease risk of nuclear war/deter an enemy attack. Kennedy Flexible Response Essay. What was the purpose of president john f kennedys flexible response defense policy? Which action was supported by Kennedy's Flexible Response foreign policy? When did Kennedy make Green Berets? This is a Most important question of gk exam. Global Pressures and the Flexible Response. Kennedy And Flexible Response So Research Paper Length: 7 pages Sources: 7 Subject: Military Type: Research Paper Paper: #11752300 Related Topics: Constitutional , Tsa , Doctrine , Cuba Download this Research Paper in word format (.docx) Kennedy presented to Congress an outline of a strategy that would come to be known as Flexible Deterrent Options in March 1961, and it was adopted as an official national security policy of the United States. Kennedy may have had a flexible response but his presidency also featured diplomatic failures and stalemates. whereas under Kennedy's Flexible Response approach there is a resemblance to Lindblom's . As well as sending more advisors to South Vietnam, Kennedy also sent 300 helicopters with US pilots. Robert Strange McNamara (June 9, 1916 - July 6, 2009) [4] was an American business executive and the eighth Secretary of Defense, serving under Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson from 1961 to 1968, during which time he played a large role in escalating the United States involvement in the Vietnam War. Flexible response was a defense strategy implemented by John F. Kennedy in 1961 to address the Kennedy administration's skepticism of Dwight Eisenhower's New Look and its policy of massive retaliation. What was the policy of flexible response quizlet? GRF Tyler was comparing Eisenhower and Kennedy Era which were two different approaches of handling the battle between the United States and Soviet Union during the cold war. President Kennedy's Flexible Response was initiated to provide the United States with various means of response to aggression, not limited to nuclear attacks. Kennedy's older brother, Joe Jr. died leading a risky bombing mission in World War II, and John F. Kennedy nearly died when he lost his PT boat in action in the Pacific. Attracted by Taylor's concept of flexible response, Kennedy recalled the general to active duty first as his special advisor and then named him chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. In practice, though, the desire for calibration had a number of effects. This new ideal signified a giant shift in military perspective. Flexible response relied on a "triad" of conventional, tactical nuclear, and strategic nuclear weapons to deter an attack against NATO. The flexible response method was a method that did not allow weapons to be used. Flexible response asks to respond to any aggression and not only nuclear whereas 'new look . Rather than massive retaliation, the Kennedy administration embraced the doctrine of flexible response. In April 1961, a short few months into his administration, Kennedy authorized a clandestine invasion of Cuba by a brigade of Cuban exiles. Flexible Response and Vietnam. Flexible Response, 1961-1968 Professor Branislav L. Slantchev January 1, 2014 Overview We study the strategic innovations of the Kennedy administration in the doctrine of flexible response, and the final flare-up over Berli n in 1961. Click to see full answer. doctrine of "flexible response."16 Indeed, the Vienna Summit demonstrates attempts by Kennedy and Khrushchev to address the situation in Germany through diplomacy. The strategy of flexible response allowed for Congress to decide which area the US would focus on during the Cold War. See answer (1) Best Answer. Flexible response called for mutual deterrence eBook ISBN 9781315497297 Share ABSTRACT John F. Kennedy personified the Democrats' campaign against the supposedly old, tired, and muddled Eisenhower Republicans. Flexible response was a defense strategy implemented by John F. Kennedy in 1961 to address the Kennedy administration's skepticism of Dwight Eisenhower 's New Look and its policy of Massive Retaliation. The flexible response method was a method that did not allow weapons to be used. John F. Kennedy went to Fort Bragg on October 12, 1961. Question is : Kennedy's doctrine of "flexible response" , Options is : 1. On October 14, 1962, a U-2 reconnaissance plane got a photograph of evidence of the missiles in western Cuba. The Kennedy Doctrine of Flexible Response Flexible Response Flexible response was a defense strategy implemented by John F. Kennedy in 1961 to address his administration's skepticism of Dwight Eisenhower's New Look policy of massive retaliation. By Jerald A. Combs. It created the idea of limiting war and using other means, rather than immediately confronting with weapons that would cause excessive damage and it allowed for JFK and Flexible Response John F. Kennedy and Robert McNamara JFK and Flexible Response Kennedy and Khrushchev Cuba Fidel Castro Kennedy's first foreign policy test did not come in Europe, rather 90 miles off the coast of Florida. Then in June 1961 at the Vienna Summit with Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev, Kennedy was unprepared and . The most successful foreign policy was Flexible Response because it allowed for President John F. Kennedy to deal with foreign issues with both military and nonmilitary options. He was considered as a progressive conservative. Flexible response is a better way to deal with other countries (Ayers 886). ; Koizumi defended the Daiei bailout as a flexible response to a potential crisis. b.) Although logical in theory, John F. Kennedy's doctrine of flexible response had some lethal logic because it asked Apr 18, 2017 in History by DaVein a. depended on potentially rogue forces, such as the Green Berets. Select the statement that best describes either a cause or effect of the Cuban Missile Crisis. When President John F. Kennedy assumed office in the opening days of 1961, the prospects for peace were not encouraging. Keeping this in consideration, what did the flexible response do? disjointed incrementalism; which constitutes a study of problems from varying angles wi th no . Copy. Premier Khruschev had been cool since an American U2 plane gathering intelligence had been shot down over Russia in the spring of 1960. Flexible response was a defense strategy implemented by John F. Kennedy in 1961 to address the Kennedy administration's skepticism of Dwight Eisenhower 's New Look and its policy of massive retaliation. First, Kennedy gave the green light to an Eisenhower-initiated invasion of the Bay of Pigs in Cuba in 1961. Kennedy and McNamara rejected massive retaliation for a posture of flexible response. This new ideal signified a giant shift in military perspective. The Flexible response was a policy implemented by President John F. Kennedy in 1961 in order to substitute the New Look and the massive retaliation policy that Dwight Eisenhower's had introduced, which consisted on responding using a greater force in case of an attack, and such force involved nuclear weapons.. On the other hand, the flexible response policy aknowledges the Mutual assured . ; Flexible response required the continuous presence of substantial conventional forces. 3) c) Fidel Castro was a leader eho declared himself a communist, thus forcing the communist rule in Cuba. Kennedy's Flexible Response What was its significance? Kennedy added to the Truman and Eisenhower's doctrines by introducing his "flexible response" policy, whose ultimate goal was to reduce the possible use nuclear weapons while preventing other countries from using them. Flexible response definition: a military strategy that enables the response to an attack to be adapted to the nature. It was taken for granted that left-wing revolution in the developing . "Flexible Response" was a defense . They were told to avoid military combat at all costs but this became all but impossible to fulfil. Flexible Response was a resistance strategy applied by President John F. Kennedy in 1961 to address the Kennedy administration's suspicion of Dwight Eisenhower's policies of Mass Retaliation and the New Look. a flexible response analysis (not under that name) had a brief revival in the 1980s when the soviets initiated the deployment of a new nuclear‐tipped missile specifically aimed at european targets, and nato responded by beginning the deployment of two europe ‐based missiles targeted on the soviet union, generating a major controversy in europe … Flexible response represented a capability to fight across all spectrums of warfare, not just with nuclear arms such as this Titan II missile. But the Biden administration would do well to learn some of the pitfalls that came with Kennedy's idea of flexible response. [186] American military buildup Main article: Flexible response John F. Kennedy's foreign policy was dominated by American confrontations with the Soviet Union, manifested by proxy contests. Although the possibility of a general nuclear . Applying flexible response, the president attempted negotiations as a first means of taking appropriate action. Gorbachev's new posture gave a new twist to the long-standing debate within NATO over nuclear deterrence.The United States' allies had already learned to live with unavoidable doubts over the quality of the U.S. nuclear guarantee of European security. The Ken- nedy administration's rhetorical adoption of flexible response, and the Lyndon B.Johnson administration's efforts to persuade its NATO allies to adopt the strategy, were motivated by the need to ease difficult intra-alli- ance tensions over the two crucial questions of the cold war in Europe, the German question and the nuclear question. Based on faulty intelligence, the military action, which was carried out by Cuban exiles without crucial air support was a fiasco. Click here to navigate to parent product. Instead, he believed that a better strategy was to conquer the spread of Communism by fighting "small wars . 2) b) Flexible response was a policy taken by Kennedy and his team to prevent the occurring of nuclear war and the usage of nuclear weapons because if the nuclear war started it will have a huge effect on the whole country and the citizens. It created the idea of limiting war and using other means, rather than immediately confronting with weapons that would cause excessive damage and it allowed for Kennedy implemented the "flexible response" defense strategy, one that relied on multiple options for responding to the Soviet Union, discouraged massive retaliation, and encouraged mutual deterrence. flexible response synonyms, flexible response pronunciation, flexible response translation, English dictionary definition of flexible response. While Eisenhower was balding, Kennedy had a great shock of hair. Imprint Routledge. President Eisenhower's New Look policy had emphasized the use of less expensive nuclear weapons to deter Soviet . As this video from American Experience: "JFK" reveals, President Kennedy was determined to fight Communism. The day is renowned in Forces' lore as the moment when Special Forces was awarded the Green Beret. Pages 22. . Flexible Response, 1961-1968 Professor Branislav L. Slantchev January 1, 2014 Overview We study the strategic innovations of the Kennedy administration in the doctrine of flexible response, and the final flare-up over Berli n in 1961. President and Mrs. Kennedy greet members of the 2506 Cuban Invasion Brigade . c. The Cuban Missile Crisis was to be President Kennedy's greatest moments of his Flexible Response Doctrine. Flexible Response. As this video from American Experience: "JFK" reveals, President Kennedy was determined to fight Communism. Flexible response involved fewer strategic bombers and more fighter-bombers to support a . by Michael Clarke. The U.S. committed to fighting communism through containment policy. this builds on the military strategic thought of the Kennedy Administration with ' flexible response,' which at that time dealt with an emphasis on special forces and the . The U.S. agreed to accept Fidel Castro as the leader of Cuba. Kennedy took the position after Dwight D. Eisenhower with a narrow victory over Richard Nixon. Through his Flexible Response foreign policy and his domestic policy, The New Frontier, John F. Kennedy was able to work with and for the American people. An example of flexible response is the Cuban missile crisis (Kennedy We then look at two crises in the late 1960s: the Six Days War of 1967 and the Prague Spring of 1968. A New Frontier. The flexible response had many different options so that it can enhance the credibility towards the United . Premier Khruschev had been cool since an American U2 plane gathering intelligence had been shot down over Russia in the spring of 1960. Flexible response was a defense strategy implemented by John F. Kennedy in 1961 to address the Kennedy administration's skepticism of Dwight Eisenhower's New Look and its policy of massive retaliation. President John Kennedy initiated a more activist, interventionist national strategy in 1961, one that brought profound changes to the overwhelmingly nuclear-strike Air Force. The Kennedy Administration's emphasis on "flexible response," which was officially called Flexible Detrrent Options, was to respond to the Soviet Union and other adversaries in ways appropriate to each situation. a. called for the elimination of nuclear weapons. DOI link for John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, and Flexible Response. In describing the approach, Kennedy stated that the nation must be ready . When President John F. Kennedy assumed office in the opening days of 1961, the prospects for peace were not encouraging. الرئيس جون فيتزجيرالد كينيدي يوقع على الإعلان 3504 ، الذي يأذن بالحجر البحري لدولة كوبا الشيوعية. President Kennedy's "flexible response" strategy: asked Apr 19, 2017 in History by Aleix. Flexible response fit Kennedy's desire to more precisely calibrate the American response to the nature of the Soviet threat. Book The History of American Foreign Policy. Kennedy's "flexible response" strategy dominated the conflict continuum by "deter[ring] all wars, general or limited, nuclear or conventional, large or small." It also recognized that . b. identified a handful of critical areas that the United States would defend against Communist takeover. In 1960, the presidential candidate Kennedy had made a speech describing America as standing at a 'New Frontier'. What did flexible response mean?Flexible Response, also called Flexible Deterrent Options (FDO), U.S. defense strategy in which a wide range of diplomatic, political, economic, and military options are used to deter an enemy attack.What is an example of flexible response?Flexible Response Tested In In a book titled The Uncertain Trumpet, a retired Army Chief of Staff, General Maxwell D.Taylor, called for a defense strategy based on "flexible response"—and General Taylor was now in the White House and slated to be the next chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The new president and his Secretary of Defense, Robert McNamara, introduced the policy of "flexible response.". Although he believed that it was a menace, he did not want to engage the Soviet Union in an all-out confrontation, thus, triggering a "hot war" with nuclear weapons. When the Kennedy Administration set out to create a new Cold War defense and deterrence strategy, known as Flexible Response, it began with the belief in two things: President Eisenhower's New Look. to make sure the united states was . Why did Kennedy believe that a policy of flexible response could better meet the foreign problems of the 1960s? Flexible response calls for mutually assured destruction at deliberate, premeditated, and established levels. This appointment was much to the chagrin of other service chiefs, especially Air Force chief of staff, Gen. Curtis E. Lemay, who from 1948 to 1958 built SAC into . The loss of PT-109 was depicted as a heroic act, as the young JFK helped to save some of his crew, but one may question how he came to lose his boat in the first place. China, in contrast, as both the Trump and now . John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, and Flexible Response book. In 1959, a revolutionary named Fidel Castro led a successful overthrow of Cuba's dictator, Fulgencio Batista. Global Pressures and the Flexible Response. President Kennedy's "flexible response" strategy: asked Apr 19, 2017 in History by Aleix. Those began to surface in the 1950s, after the Eisenhower administration had embraced nuclear deterrence and the allies . The Kennedy administration security strategy, called "flexible response" because it expanded the options for fighting the communist threat, rested on three cornerstones. Beginning in the early 1960's under the Kennedy . Along with a dramatic increase in the nation's military, Kennedy increased economic and military assistance to the developing world. يشير عقيدة كينيدي إلى مبادرات السياسة الخارجية لرئيس الولايات المتحدة الخامس والثلاثين ، جون . c. John F Kennedy Flexible Response Analysis During John F. Kennedy's presidency, he used the "flexible response" method in order to avoid conflict. 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